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Our drivers for the development of the Circored® and Circofer® processes were the growing demand for direct reduction processes utilizing iron ore fines directly to decrease DRI/HBI production costs by avoiding a costly agglomeration step. On the other hand, there was the intention to apply vast experience in utilizing fluidized bed technology for direct reduction. Based on the experience of building 380 roasting and calcining plants using the fluidized bed technology, we have developed two new direct reduction processes for iron ore fines, Circored® and Circofer®. Both processes use a proven two-stage configuration, combining a circulating fluidized bed (CFB) with a bubbling fluidized bed (FB).
The Circored process uses hydrogen as reductant. The first-of-its-kind Circored plant was built in Trinidad for the production of 500,000 t/a of HBI and commissioned in 1999. In the Circofer process, coal is used as reductant. The Circofer pilot plant at our R&D Center in Frankfurt, with a capacity of 5 t/d ore fines, has demonstrated the basic principle of the process.
For further information, please contact  ferrous(at)outotec.com
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